Gautama Buddha

The Buddha emerges from narrative and disciplinary memory as teacher rather than theorist-first: four truths, eightfold practice, sangha as apprenticeship in attention. Metaphysical accents later proliferated—Abhidharma precision, Mahāyāna emptiness discourses, tantric skillful means—yet the axial intuition stays diagnosis and training.

Western reception oscillates between romantic minimalism (“just meditation”) and dense scholastic encounter; Armstrong-style comparative writing often stresses compassion circuitry over spectacle.

Outdeus treats the Buddha as a conceptual hub for liberation, karma’s ethical physics, and the contest over no-self language—where philosophy of mind meets monastic discipline meets lay moral imagination across Asia and diaspora.